The Berbers And Islam Essays - Maghreb, , Term Papers

The Berbers and Islam Today in America many new followers of Islam experience confusion when choosing which area to examine first. Many devout Muslims believe that the true basis for understanding Islam begins and ends with the study of Mohammed's life and his creation and writing of the Q'uran under Allah's direction and spirit. However, the understanding and study of any religion (that will become your way of life) must include the close examination of peoples, history and the influence or spread into other countries. One paramount area of Islam that must be examined is the influence of Islam in other countries. We must consider: With the mass spread of Islam in parts of Africa, exactly how did that occur? Or who was responsible for the transformation of government, politics, and this religion in such an important continent of Africa? Abdullah ibn Yacin was a Muslim leader and scholar. He was also the leader of the Almoravids. His influence on Islam was great indeed, in that he converted believers beyond just practice, he transformed them into the militant force, which came to be known as the Almoravids. Through Abdullah ibn Yacin's rule and his successor Abu Bakr's drive the Almoravids influenced Islam greatly. The modern history of the Almoravids and the history traced by the Berbers themselves begin with their conversion to Islam by the Arabs, who began to move into North Africa in 640 CE. Over the years Arab invasions forced many Berbers out of the coastal regions and into the mountains and desert. Others were absorbed into the Arab population (Hourani, 190) In 1054, a confederation of Muslim Berber groups formed a new and powerful dynasty in the west, in what is now southern Morocco and Western Sahara. They were known as the Almoravids. The whole of Morocco was under Almoravid rule by 1069. In 1086, they invaded Spain and had conquered much of its south by 1106. The Almoravids, who came from the desert fringes of Maghrib, brought an austere temper of strict adherence to Maliki law and suspicion of free rational speculation. The power of their successors, the Almohads, was also created by an impulse of revival of piety, with an emphasis on the unity of God and observance of the law; but it drew its sustenance from the religious thought of the eastern Muslim world, where its founder, Ibn Tumart, had studied and formed his mind, and those who carried it throughout the Maghrib and to Andalus came from the settled Berber peoples of the Atlas mountains (Giles, 50) The Almoravids essentially overcame the most powerful empire in Western Africa. By taking over commercial routes; gaining control of the economic power the Ghanaian king was forced to divide his capital city into two distinct districts, one for non-Muslims and a more powerful district one for Muslims. The district eventually declared holy war or jihad against Ghana and weakened the Ghana Empire until it collapsed. The effect the Almoravids had on Islam was great indeed. The purifying of the religion was sped up by the holy wars. The Almoravids created a fervor in Africa that transformed the spread of the religion. Now, native Africans who had converted from traditional religions were spreading the teachings of Islam. By examining the powerful group, the Almoravids we are able to understand why and when Islam was transformed from a religion based in the Middle East to an indigenous religion of Africa.

44 Funny Car Bumper Stickers About Work That Will Make You Laugh

44 Funny Car Bumper Stickers About Work That Will Make You Laugh If you need to take a break from the daily grind of life, kick back, grab a beer, and check out these 44 bumper sticks that clearly summarize how many people are feeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source: [JobMob]

Catherines Monologue Essay Example for Free

Catherine’s Monologue Essay A few minutes earlier, when I was dancing with Rodolpho to â€Å"Paper Doll,† I started thinking. I started thinking how much my life had changed these past few months, and how much I have changed. My life has changed in that I have two new people in it, one of which I think I love. I have a job and I now feel more independent. It’s a good feeling. Well that’s setting the scene for you, I guess its time to let it all out. Eddie has been like a surrogate father to me. I’ve always felt comfortable around him; I’ve been able to talk to him†¦but lately, all that security has just dissolved. It’s almost the opposite. We can’t have a normal conversation without fighting. I mean for example, a few days ago I came home with Rodolpho from a movie at the paramount. I started telling him about movie, I was so excited. But all he did was start-shooting questions as me, † Where’d you go? Brooklyn Paramount? † Of course I went to Brooklyn Paramount! Where else would I go? He knows that I wouldn’t go to New York! Then he tells Rodolpho he wants to talk to me alone. He starts telling me how he never sees me anymore, his face looked so sad. I started to reassure him, that of course he still saw me, it was just Rodolpho wanted to do so much, see so many things, so I take him. Suddenly he asked me, â€Å"Do you like him? † I answered, â€Å"Yes†, and it all went down hill from there. He started saying horrible things like, Rodolpho was only interested in my to gain citizenship and how he was only using me and had no respect for me. That wasn’t Eddie speaking. I had never known Eddie to be like that ever. Sure, he had always been slightly over-protective, but never like this before. After the â€Å"incident† B came and talked to me. She told me how I had to grow up. Be my own person; make him understand that I wasn’t a little girl anymore. She pointed out things to me that I had never noticed before, like how I used to walk around in front of him in my slip or sit on the edge of the bathtub and talk to him while he was shaving in his underwear. I never even thought about that before. But B, she notices these things sharp. I don’t know, she just seemed really eager for me to get out of the house, get married, leave. She even asked me if I thought she was jealous of me! When she said that, I had never thought about it before. But since she has said that, I’ve started to think about it more and more. Could B be jealous? Of me? Its absurd! B, who is so kind, and sweet and who I love so much like a mother, be jealous of me? It just doesn’t fit. I don’t know why I even thought of it. I guess I’m just thinkin’ crazy these days. And last of all, Rodolpho. I think I love him, actually I am quite sure now, I do love him. Should I marry him? What other option do I have? Like B said, I can’t just stay here all my life. But the thing is, I’m scared. I’m scared of Eddie. I didn’t think I would ever say that, but it’s the truth. When I say Eddie and Rodolpho boxing, and the look on Eddies face, I knew somethin’ wasn’t right. Beatrice didn’t get it, I think Marco did. Maybe he’s just doing it to protect me? He protects me because he loves me; that makes sense. But sometimes I think Eddie loves me too much, and that’s what scares me. Catherine’s Monologue. (2017, Oct 12).

Hewlett-Packard Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hewlett-Packard Article - Essay Example The business thrived and expanded during the leadership of Bill Hewlett at the helms but later on, under successive CEOs like John Young and then Lew Platt in 1993, it started stagnating and losing profits. The printer business was hugely successful but the company faced lot of competition from Dell which was selling customized computers at much lower prices. From 1993 to 1999, computer and printer businesses grew at compound rate of 20% and in 1999, HP formed its spin-off company Agilent Technologies comprising of its instruments and related businesses. Platt lacked strategic necessary leadership that needed to be flexible and visionary to encompass the environmental changes and adopt more aggressive creative inputs. Carly Fiorina, the dynamic young executive who had played critical role in turning the fortunes of new spinoff company of AT&T, Lucent Technologies, was made CEO of the company in 1999. Fiorina brought with a new culture of aggressive selling, merger, incentive based performance that lacked commitment and loyalty towards company. She made sweeping changes within the organization. Her motto was ‘preserve the best and reinvent the rest’. The company’s name was shortened to ‘HP’ and reduced the advertising agencies to only 2 from 43. 80 autonomous product based operating divisions into two front-end sales and marketing organization and two back-end R&D and manufacturing organizations. Revenue over profit and incentive based remuneration over salary based employment became major focus areas. Retrenchment and cost cutting was justified as means to tackle general financial downturn. During her first year, sales increased by 15% but it could not be maintained. The acquisition of Compaq computers in 2002 by HP was primarily to strengthen the capabilities in computer division which later backfired. While initially the merger was successful and it was able to maintain flagship position in computer segment but could

Learners' perceptions about listening comprehension problems, Dissertation

Learners' perceptions about listening comprehension problems, strategies and teachers' solutions to improve students' list - Dissertation Example Additionally, the study establishes that learners encounter a range of listening problems, which can be overcome through various techniques that help learners to utilize effective strategies in confronting them; nevertheless, this literature observes that learners’ perceptions of their listening problems may or may not be valid because several factors may interact to influence their perceptions. This literature makes a clear distinction between listening and comprehension processes with the former requiring no interpretation or reaction to the text while the latter requires the meaningful interactive activity to facilitate understanding of the text. In the context of this research, listening comprehension refers to the manner in which listeners discriminate and construe meaning from information that they receive through their auditory and visual clues to make sense of the communication process. This perspective of listening comprehension is in line with the Second language app roach, according to which listening to verbal language is both a vigorous and intricate process, requiring learners to pay particular attention to selected areas of audio, to make meaning, as well as relate what they hear to their mind frames. Hamouda (2012) argues that, despite its profound significance in foreign language learning, listening has long been ignored in foreign language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment especially given the little focus on listening problems encountered by L2/F1 learners in listening to spoken English. This literature reports findings from a study that investigates the listening problems experienced by a group of first year English Major Students of Qassim University, which include accent, pronunciation, speed of speech, insufficient vocabulary, different accents of the speakers, poor concentration, anxiety, and bad quality of recording. Knowing the various difficulties learners encounter in listening comprehension is paramount in EFL te aching because it enables EFL teachers to guide learners in developing effective learning strategies that will eventually enhance their English listening competence. Listening plays a very significant role in communication because it enables listeners to take in new ideas and information from discourses; listening takes a lion’s share of the total time spent on communication and it is central to students’ educational development because it is the most frequently used language skill in the classroom. EFL learners have major problems in English listening comprehension because educators overemphasize English grammar, reading, and vocabulary competence areas at the expense of listening skills in EFL teaching courses. This literature suggests that adapting and improving listening materials, and improving teachers' classroom techniques on the part of the teachers, in addition to, improving English proficiency, and improving listening strategies on the side of the students ca n help alleviate the various listening comprehension problems. Graham (2006) explores the perceptions of English students between the age of 16 to18 concerning listening comprehension in French; in addition to that, this literature also examines the students’ viewpoints on the influences that result to either success or failure in listening comprehension assignments. According to this study, a substantial proportion of students in the higher levels of education rate their competence in

Classroom Management Essay Example for Free

Classroom Management Essay Introduction This paper will present the importance of setting standards within the classroom. Transitioning is one the most important part of planning. Without a classroom management students will not understand the role that they play within the classroom community. I believe the one of the most important details in the development of lesson planning is implementing effective transitioning to minimize behavior problems. Students need to in a positive and encouraging environment for them to succeed and setting high expectations for them. Establishment of rules The purpose of setting classroom rules is to create a safe yet challenging environment. I believe that educators should strive daily to meet the needs of students spiritually, socially and mentally. The theoretical foundation applied by an educator is like a roadmap that enables the students to arrive at their intended educational expectations. An educator’s theoretical foundation should be precise, integrated and complete. Such a model should consider each aspect of students being. When God created man, He made man in His own image. Man is a spiritual being, who possesses a soul that lives inside a body. And yes, having an established prevention class makes it all possible. Gaining students trust and respect is a very critical first step in creatinine a positive learning environment. If I can have respect for my students as well as having them respecting each other, I believe this leads to a safe environment where learning can take place. I believe that students should be a part of creating the classroom rules because they will be more likely to comply. By creating the rules they will have a personal and moral connection. In kindergarten the students learned the school rules and of course they would have to be implemented throughout their school career as a student. The first grade daily rules will be posted at the appropriate eye level so that students have easy access to the rules. The rules will be posted and consistently followed throughout the school year. I will discuss the rules, consequences, and rewards with the class daily. It is imperative that I set the expectations of the classroom immediately. This will be ongoing practice throughout the school year. I will also encourage the parents to go over the classroom expectations at home. As we begin to create the classroom rules, I will model/discuss with the students what a good classroom rule looks like. For example creating mini lesson that include possible scenario’s along with consequences as a result of the unwarranted behaviors. This way they understand what is expected of them when creating the rules. I will explain to the students that I will develop the first five of the six classroom rules. I will write all the rules of the board and in a student centered discussion ask why they think this rule is important. The first rule is to follow directions the first time that they are given. Second, listen when others are talking at all times. Third, raise your hand and wait to be called on before responding. Fourth, work quietly and do not disturb others. Fifth, you must keep our hands to yourself at all times. Each day student’s will have a chance to earn â€Å"smile sticks. † Smile sticks can easily be earned whenever a student is displaying appropriate behavior by: following directions, walking quietly in the hallway, helping others, etc. At the end of each week, smile sticks are counted and each student with 8 or more sticks will get a chance to pull from the treasure chest. Parents will be notified daily of positive and negative experiences. Daily Routine On the second day of school will go over the rules discussed on the first day and revisit the class tour. On this day, I will go over the morning routine that is displayed daily within the classroom. The students will be asked to come in and immediately select their breakfast and begin to eat. The students as well as parents will receive information on the time breakfast is served, and the amount of time provided to students. Next, I will discuss and model the appropriate items to bring into the classroom from the lockers located within the classrooms. I will next discuss the importance of attendance and being tardy to school. Then I will discuss/model and teach appropriate procedures for sharpening pencils, restroom, and turning in assignments. Parents will receive a welcome letter that tells about me. The parents’ will also receive a school handbook and classroom expectations. Setting daily routines is important for all grade level students but especially lower L students. On the third day we will get to know each other and I will provide an assignment â€Å"getting to know me† the students will take this assignment home for homework. This sheet will allow them to go home and complete with their parents and come to school ready to share. I will store the assignment within their file so that I can always use it as a reference guide. The classroom tour Each day within the first week of school it is important that students get comfortable with their new environment. We will take a classroom tour and learn where all resources and materials are within the classroom. Once we have gone through a tour and I explained as well the demographics of things, we will do a quick assessment. I will choose a student by pulling Popsicle sticks randomly. An example of this assessment is to simply ask questions. For example: â€Å"If I need to find my writing journal, where would I go to retain it? † This exercise would give students moving about within the classroom and getting comfortable and familiar with the placement of various tools and resources. Transitions Students often find it difficult to transitions between assignments and changes class periods. I have witnessed difficulties at all age levels and it is a task that must be made smooth by all teachers. According to Kellough Jarolimek, smooth transitions can be facilitated by implementing structured activities that help students make these transitions. Transitions are less trouble when teachers plan them carefully during their preactive phase of instruction and write them into their lesson plan. (Kellough Jarolimek, 2013) A significant stumbling block to the flow of instruction is in attention to transitions between activities, lessons, subjects, or class periods. It is here that teachers are likely to feel that they are less effective in maintaining the flow of instruction. Effective transitions are structured to move students from one activity to another, both physically and cognitively. The goal of smooth transitions is to ensure that all students have the materials and mind-sets they need for a new activity The start of the day students will begin their bell work assignment on a daily basis. Once bell-work is completed then students will begin journal writing based on a selected topic. During transition periods the student will be able to earn table points. The table with the most points at the end of the week have to opportunity to pick a prize from the treasure box. The transition procedure will be explained throughout the school year. Once we complete the lesson the students have two minutes to prepare for the table point game. Preparation includes putting away their current supplies and sitting as an effective leader and finally pause. The table that is prepared in this manner first, gets an opportunity to answer the first question in the point game. With this activity I am able to assess the students’ knowledge of the prior lesson as well engage them in a fun activity. Using transitions as a tool to help maintain the flow of instruction will ensure meaning instruction. During the transition for lunch, I will set clear and concise directions through-out our daily interactions. Twenty minutes before lunch the students will wrap up their math lesson and collect reading material from their baskets (DEAR). Students will begin to line up once their table is called and will proceed to the lunchroom. Conclusion Today most classrooms suffer do to a lack of effective planning in the area of classroom management. A classroom prevention plan is imperative to having a successful year and students reaching the goals set forth by educators. I believe that if students are a part of creating the classroom rules, they will be less likely to fall short of following the rules. On the first day of school first graders are for of energy, nervous and anxious of what’s to come ahead. Parents are standing in the door way afraid to say goodbye but excited for the journey that their first grader is about to embark on. Establishing a structured environment in the beginning and allowing the parent and students to have access to clear rules and expectation is the recipe for a successful school year! References Van Brummelen, H. (2009). Walking with God in the Classroom: Christian Approaches to Teaching and Learning. Colorado Springs, CO: Purposeful Design Publications. Kellough, R. D. , Jarolimek J. (2005). Teaching and learning K-8: a guide to methods and resources (9th ed. ). New York: Macmillan.

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†¢ Breastfeeding: A natural way of using birth control, and is free, and requires no prescription. Breastfeeding is safe, simple, and convenient. Does not need any medical supervision. Breastfeeding can be effective for six months after delivery only if a woman does not substitute other foods for breast milk, feeds her baby at least every four hours during the day and every six hours at night, and has not had her period since the delivery of her baby. (Planned Parenthood 2014) The woman should also have her partner wear a condom, or use a female condom to reduce the risk of infection. †¢ Male Condom: A type of birth control where the man puts on a latex or non latex plastic on his penis before having sex with a woman. The male condom can reduce the risk of pregnancy and STDs. Using a condom is safe, effective, and very affordable to get. Condoms are about $1 each, but are sometimes available for free, at medical clinics. (Planned Parenthood 2014) As a nurse, we would need to keep in mind to tell the male to make sure that they handle condoms properly. Keep in mind that certain types of lubricants can damage a latex condom. (Planned Parenthood 2014)Use only water-based lubricants, such as K-Y jelly. Instruct the male to read and understand the instructions and check the expiration date before using a condom. Teach the male patient to apply the condom onto the penis and should first be hard. When applying a condom on, instruct the male to pull back the foreskin, unless circumcised, before rolling on the condom. Place the rolled condom over the tip of the hard penis and leave a half-inch space at the tip to collect semen and then pinch the air out of the tip with one hand while placing it on the penis.(Planned Parenthood 2014) †¢ Spe... ...re provider who will let them know what to do and what not to do after their abortion. Inform the patient that they may have a wide range of feelings after an abortion. (Planned Parenthood 2014)Most women ultimately feel relief. Some women feel anger, regret, guilt, or sadness for a little while. Sudden shifts in hormones may make these feelings stronger. Serious, long-term emotional problems after abortion are about as uncommon as they are after giving birth. (Planned Parenthood 2014)The woman may be more likely to have emotional problems after abortion for certain reasons which are, having a history of emotional problems before your abortion, having important people in your life who aren't supportive of your decision to have an abortion, or having to terminate a wanted pregnancy because your health or the health of your fetus is in danger.(Planned Parenthood 2014)